Summary: New research highlights how the brain’s reward-learning system can guide personalized treatments for depression. By studying two brain signals, expected value and prediction error, researchers identified markers that predict recovery potential and tailored responses to rewards and setbacks.This approach goes beyond symptom management, targeting the brain processes driving specific...

Summary: New research shows that female mice expressing only a maternal X chromosome experience faster brain aging and cognitive decline compared to those expressing both maternal and paternal X chromosomes.The maternal X accelerates aging in the hippocampus, a key region for memory and learning, and silences certain genes essential for...

Summry: New research reveals that dopamine plays a crucial role in teaching young male mice to fight, with the chemical’s influence diminishing as they gain experience. In novice fighters, boosting dopamine increased aggression, while blocking it stopped them from fighting.However, experienced fighters showed no changes in behavior regardless of dopamine...